Since the 19th Century, feminist peacemakers have claimed a special relationship between mothers and peace, arguing that those who give birth to children have a particular interest in not seeing them killed in wars. Maternal anti-war organizing is a long-standing tradition. In the past decade, however, a number of new family-based anti-war groups—whose members include not only mothers, but also fathers, siblings, and other relatives—appeared in the United States. This chapter examines the emergence of three family-based peace movement organizations (September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, Military Families Speak Out, and Gold Star Families for Peace) as vocal opponents of the war on terror in general and the Iraq War in particular.

Kraemer, Kelly. "Skin in the Game: The Emergence of Family-based Anti-war Organizing in the 21st Century." In Peace Studies between Tradition and Innovation, edited by Randall Amster, Laura Finley, Edmund Pries, and Richard McCutcheon. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015.